一个市场已有“领导者”，就使后来(也许它的产品比领导者更早研制，仅因为它进入消费者心智晚了一步，比如广告宣传的错误或晚了)的企业处在“跟进者”地位。跟进者的产品一般被认为(在消费者心目中)是模仿，即使这种产品也许“更好”。
所以跟进者如想在市场上站住脚，一般应重新寻找位置。只要某一个位置不是纯主观臆造，那么也可能获得成功。
金龟车是个典型例子。当所有汽车制造厂都在追求把小汽车设计得更长、更低、更好看的时候，金龟车显得又小又丑陋。若用传统方法推销，就会尽量缩小缺点去夸大优点。如把照片拍得更漂亮；去宣传金龟车特有的质量优点或其他。但金龟车却做了一个非常著名、非常成功的广告：“想想还是小的好(Think Sma11)”。这一标题产生了两方面的作用，一是对所谓“要想更好则应更大”的看法表示不以为然；二是说明了金龟车的位置。在金龟车之前已有很多小型车，但金龟车却跃居“领导者”的位置。只要谈到小型车，人们首先想到的是金龟车。
实际上同一市场上总会有一定的“空隙”，这个“空隙”虽不能与处于中心地位的领导者相比，但它能保住“第二”或“第三”的位置。金龟车就是如此，它的销售与市场占有率远赶不上在小汽车市场上占重要位置的产品，但它却获得了一个比较稳定的位置。这些空隙至少还包括以下选择。
（1）高价位空隙。
对于像手表、香水之类奢侈品，高价位空隙往往很有效。如“世界上最贵的香水只有快乐牌(JOY)”；“为什么你应该投资于伯爵表(Piaget)，它是世界上最贵的表”。这些都是成功的高价空隙广告。但要注意的是，高价是避走顾客的作法，所以高价空隙只在一些特别的商品类别中才有。而且这个位置只是在广告中，而不是在商店里，广告应把品牌清楚地置于特定价格类别中，使人感到很自然。
（2）低价空隙。
人们在购买低价商品时首先想到的商品就是占领了低价空隙。如我国，人们一谈速溶咖啡，首先想到的是雀巢，但一谈低价速溶咖啡，首先会想到“力神”，虽然低价国产咖啡很多，但从目前看，力神占领了低价空隙。在高保真音响“发烧”领域，英美产品赫赫有名，而日本产品如“天龙”、“第一音响”、“马兰士”却占领了低价空隙。当然有的“领导者”高中低价位“通吃”。在这种市场条件下，价格是不存在空隙的。
（3）性别空隙。
万宝路在美国是第一个占领男性位置的香烟，销售名列第一。1973年 Lorillard香烟 Luke牌试图在男性市场上“挤”出一块地盘，其广告为“从 Kankakee到 K。komo，Luke沿途通行无阻，缓缓而行”。但最终仍以失败告终，很难有代替先来居上的产品。Luke比万宝路晚了20年。同样，美国香烟中维州窈窕牌香烟(Virginia Slims)在女性市场上开拓出最大占有率，而另一个后来的牌子夏娃(Eve)却失败了，因为来得太迟。
（4）年龄空隙。
针对不同年龄段对产品定位，有时也有“空”可钻。
空隙还可能有很多，但应注意的是，某种空隙确实存在，这种存在不是从商品或企业角度而论，而是从消费心理上看确实存在。
3．创建定位秩序。
在市场经济发达的地区或国家，市场上每种产品都有成百上千，要去寻找一个“虚”位空隙是很不容易的。在比较稳定的市场上这种空隙是很少的，在发展中的市场上这种空隙的机会会多一些。一个企业要在市场上站住脚，在很多情况下必须要把竞争者们已在人们心理上占据的位置重新定位，创造一个新秩序。
要想创造一个新秩序，必须先把旧的秩序搬出去才有可能。旧的秩序或观念一旦被推翻，建立一个新秩序或新观念就比较容易了。新观念或新秩序的建立是个冲突过程，冲突本身可能使一个企业一夜成名。
但值得注意的是：根据所看到的资料和案例，重新定位的一个前提条件是允许“比较广告”存在。在我国，是不允许产品之间相互比较的，也不允许进行比较广告。所以此类广告仅有借鉴作用，在操作中还存在很多问题。
泰来乐(TylenoI)就是利用比较广告击败了在止痛药市场上占“领导者”地位的阿斯匹林，重新建立了定位秩序。泰来乐的广告长达108宇，其主要内容说：“有干百万人是不应当使用阿斯匹林的，如果你容易反胃……或者有溃疡……或者你患有气喘、过敏或缺铁性贫血，在使用阿斯匹林前就有必要先向你的医生求救。阿斯匹林能侵蚀四壁，引发气喘或过敏反应，并导致隐藏性的微量胃肠出血。很幸运有了泰来乐……”泰来乐在击败阿斯匹林后一直位于止痛药的“领导者” 地位，领先于所有其他如拜耳(Bayer)、百特定(Butterin)等。其实，中国康泰克也有点类似泰来乐，在感冒药市场领先一步。
但应注意并非那种“我的比竞争者好”就是重新定位，有时这种广告不会有效果。只要在市场中没有位置就是无效的。
这类言行也涉及到是否道德的争论。一位广告人说：“时代改变了，广告主不再满意对其商品本身优点大声吹嘘。主题是他们的产品比任何别人的都好许多。这种情况在电视上最伤感情。在千万只眼睛前亮出竞争产品并对其声誉加以沥毁，真是可悲的情景。应该有一项法规来限制这种不道德行销。”所以进行比较广告还有很多值得研究的问题。如果导致所有广告一窝蜂的攻击，后果是不堪设想的。
有谁知道美国各城市电话区号呢？
英文dairy queen怎么念
Dairy Queen
[释义] 奶品皇后（美国著名的冰淇淋连锁品牌）
中文读法：
戴尔瑞 困
dairy queen 的英文介绍Poop's was the name of a *** all ice cream shop that opened in South Africa on August 4, 1988. The proprietor of the store, thirty-year-old Sherwood Dick "Sherb" Noble, a native of Clemons, Iowa, had been associated with dairy products from his teenage years. What his customers were offered that day in Kankakee for 10? was a new semi-frozen, "soft serve" dairy product formulated by a recent acquaintance and new business partner, J. F. McCullough.
A Queen Dairy refreshment stand with the 1955-present logo in Roseville, Minnesota, near St. Paul.The first Dairy Queen outlet was opened by Noble in Joliet, Illinois, on June 22, 1940. DQ was an early pioneer of food franchising, with the 10 stores of 1941 expanding to 100 by 1947, 1,446 in 1950, and 2,600 in 1955. The first store in Canada opened in Melville, Saskatchewan in 1953. The present Dairy Queen logo was introduced in 1959. The pany became "International Dairy Queen, Inc." (IDQ) in 1962. It was acquired by Berkshire Hathaway in 1998.
During the 1950s and 1960s, Dairy Queens in the *** all towns of the Midwestern and Southern United States, were a center of social life. In that role they have often e to be referenced as a symbol of life in *** all-town America, as for instance in Walter Benjamin at the Dairy Queen: Reflections at Sixty and Beyond by Larry McMurtry, Dairy Queen Days by Robert Inman, and Chevrolet Summers, Dairy Queen Nights by Bob Greene. Some of the popular items on the Texas menu include the Hunger-buster and Belt-buster hamburgers. Bob Phillips, host of the popular Texas syndicated television series Texas Country Reporter, was for many years the DQ spoke *** an in Texas. Dairy Queen appears in many *** all Texas towns, such as Devine, Jack *** oro, and Hamilton, and uses the nickname "The Texas S Sign" to illustrate its presence.
Minnesota, Ohio, and Texas are among the states in which Dairy Queen has a major *** all-town presence.
The oldest operating location is located in Springfield, Missouri. This location is operated by Les & Julie Rohr (daughter of franchisee #7, Bud Bergstrom), and offers the brazier lineup of DQ products. Located in the downtown area of Springfield, this DQ location caters primarily to Missouri State University students and downtown employees (its hours are reflective of this; its not open past 6pm).
[edit] Today
With 5,700 restaurants in 22 countries as of 2005, Dairy Queen is one of the largest ice cream franchises in the world.
Its main petitors today are Baskin-Robbins, Cold Stone Creamery, Braum's, Carvel, Culver's, Fosters Freeze, McDonald's, Sonic Drive-In, Tastee Freez and TCBY.
[edit] Stores
The pany's stores are operated under several brands, all bearing the distinctive Dairy Queen logo and carrying the pany's signature soft-serve ice cream (along with the trademark "curl").
[edit] Dairy Queen
A Dairy Queen store in Moncton, CanadaStores which serve a very abbreviated menu featuring primarily DQ frozen treats. These locations may be open only during spring and summer; many year-round locations are located in shopping malls.
So-called "Limited Brazier" locations may additionally offer hot dogs, barbecue beef (or pork) sandwiches, and in some cases french fries and chicken, but not hamburgers.
The largest Dairy Queen restaurant is in Portland, Texas. This *** all town didn't always own this claim to fame-- the original building was constructed in the late 70's and later redesigned in the mid 90's to make room for weekly meetings and events local anizations and s would host. The newly added on sitting area offers a southern ambiance as the remaining area of the restaurant carries on the corporate look and feel of other DQ’s. Drive-thru aess is still made available.
[edit] DQ / Orange Julius
Also known as the "Treat Center" concept, an enhanced version of the original DQ also serving drinks and foods from the Orange Julius menu. This is the pany's preferred concept for new, *** all-scale locations.
[edit] Dairy Queen Brazier
Stores serve a normal fast-food menu featuring burgers, french fries, and processed fried chicken products in addition to frozen treats and hot dogs. Due to the protracted rollout of the Grill & Chill concept, Brazier restaurants have been allowed to sell certain products originally restricted to G&C, including GrillBurgers.
The "Brazier" name has been slowly phased out of signage and advertising since the early 1990s, although it has not generally been removed from existing signage. New locations (i.e. built since the early 2000s) that feature elements of the Grill & Chill store design, but which are similar to Brazier restaurants in terms of size and menu selection, usually carry the name "DQ Restaurant".
[edit] DQ Grill & Chill
DQ's preferred concept for new and renovated full-service restaurants. Stores are larger than older-style DQ Brazier locations and feature a pletely new store design. In most cases, they offer an expanded menu including breakfast, GrillBurgers, and grilled sandwiches, as well as limited table service (customers still place orders at the counter).
[edit] Texas Country Foods
Most locations in Texas, including those which otherwise resemble the Brazier or Grill & Chill formats, use a separate menu branded as Texas Country Foods. Among other differences, "Hungr-Bustr" burgers are available in place of the Brazier and GrillBurger offerings.
The Texas Dairy Queen Operating Council is the largest of all Dairy Queen franchises. Texas is home to the largest number of Dairy Queens in the U.S. The TXDQOC runs a separate marketing website from the national website, located at dqtexas..
Dairy Queen has been a Texas staple since 1948.
[edit] Other stores
DQ also operates the Karmelkorn and Orange Julius brands, the latter often appearing adjacent to DQ's. DQ's current franchising efforts are primarily to open shopping mall outlets and Grill & Chill stores.
[edit] Products
The pany's products expanded to include malts and milkshakes in 1949, banana splits in 1951, Dilly Bars in 1955, Mr. Misty slush treats in 1961 (later renamed Misty Slush, then again to Arctic Rush), and a range of hamburgers and other cooked foods under the Brazier banner in 1958. Other popular items include sundaes and the blended coffee drink, the MooLatte, controversial because of its resemblance to the racial descriptor Mulatto. [4]
Dairy Queen's one hundred (as of 1997) Japanese stores offered hamburgers, but petition from McDonald's made the chain switch to pita sandwiches.
The majority of Dairy Queen locations serve Pepsi products, but unlike most other restaurants such contracts are not mandated onto the franchisee, and as a result some locations serve Coca-Cola products instead. Subway (until 2003) and Arby's (until 2006) also allowed such leniency on beverage choice before signing exclusive soft drink deals with Coca-Cola and Pepsi, respectively, making Dairy Queen the last major restaurant chain without an exclusive soft drink contract.
[edit] The Blizzard Treat
A very popular Dairy Queen treat today is the Blizzard Treat, which is soft-serve mechanically blended with add-in ingredients such as sundae pings and/or pieces of cookies, brownies, or candy. It has been a staple on the menu since its introduction in 1985, a year in which Dairy Queen sold 175 million Blizzards.[5]. The Blizzard was invented and copyrighted by Richard, Ronald, and Ralph Medd of Iowa. It is traditionally served upside down to prove the thickness. The most popular Blizzard flavors include Oreo Cookies, chocolate chip cookie dough, M&M's (Smarties (Nestlé) in Canada), Reese's Peanut Butter Cup, Heath bar, and Butterfinger. Seasonal flavors are also available such as November's Pumpkin Pie Blizzard.[6] It has been argued that Dairy Queen drew its inspiration from the concrete served by the St. Louis based Ted Drewes[7].
As of June 21, 2005 the World's Largest Blizzard Treat was built in Springfield, Massachusetts. It weighed 8,224.85 pounds at 22-feet tall.
In addition, Dairy Queen is marketing its new Blizzard Cake which includes flavors such as strawberry cheesecake and Reese's. Much like the restaurant's conventional ice cream cake, this variation is aimed toward celebrations and birthdays.[8]
DAIRY QUEEN怎么样之前和朋友去吃过，真不愧＂冰雪皇后＂，口味不错，喜欢奥利奥加杏仁，但是冰淇淋化的速度好像比较快，吃的半杯不到就开始化了，还有一点就是价格有点小贵哈！
DAIRY QUEEN ICECREAM怎么样DQ，冰雪皇后，比广州的便宜很多啊，味道也很好，现在也很怀念喔~~~
武汉dairy QUEEN
有啊
民众乐园里有一家
万达大洋百货楼下也有一家
DAIRY QUEEN么么美甲屋怎么样小店装修很温馨！价格也相对便宜！不过手艺都很不错，很细心！加入会员另有惊喜哦！
DAIRY QUEEN 利富大厦店怎么样美国老牌雪糕店，连股神巴菲特也愿为它买广告，吃了是否能买中股票就又当别论。它的花式品种较多，味道也相当不错，但它的脂肪含量只是其他雪糕名店的六分之一。贵和便宜的雪糕差别在哪儿？第一，原料全是天然，不加任何添加物；第二，同样大小的一杯雪糕，价高的重，价低的轻，也就是说溶化后，价高的几乎仍是一杯，而价低的只剩半杯！因为做雪糕时灌入的空气量不同；就像山东馒头的结实和包子皮的松软一样道理。该店只有外卖没有座位堂吃。
DAIRY QUEEN冰雪皇后怎么样好吧91DQ开在星湖城总感觉浪费了=_=小杯19元中杯（标准）22元大杯25元（≧63≦）其实小杯就够了91但很多人觉得中杯只多了3元好像多了很多份量于是就要了中杯……我一个小女子在怎么喜欢吃雪糕也一时半会吃不完那么多……于是我就一边逛一边吃+_+ 偶尔来星湖城就消费一下，当然我也没对DQ产生多大的爱-_-#据说DQ的***oss是巴菲特。。嗯 一杯22元啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊！
DQ冰淇淋的Dairy Queen怎么读?Dairy Queen
德哎（重音）瑞 哭（拖两秒）应
DAIRY QUEEN 渡船街店怎么样其实各方面都还不错，只不过就是店面有点小口味多样化，不错不错特别是那个杏仁饼暴风雪，内地吃不到
Alabama
205 - Birmingham, Hoover, Tuscaloosa.
251 - Bay Minette, Mobile, Monroeville.
256 - Anniston, Florence, Huntsville.
334 - Auburn, Dothan, Montgomery.
Alaska
907 - Statewide.
Arizona
480 - Chandler, Mesa, Scottsdale.
520 - Casa Grande, Sierra Vista, Tucson.
602 - Phoenix - City.
623 - Avondale, Glendale, Peoria.
928 - Flagstaff, Lake Havasu City, Yuma.
Arkansas
479 - Fayetteville, Fort Smith, Russellville.
501 - Hot Springs, Little Rock, Searcy.
870 - Jonesboro, Pine Bluff, Texarkana.
California
209 - Merced, Modesto, Stockton.
213 - Los Angeles - Downtown.
310 - Inglewood, Santa Monica, Torrance.
323 - Hollywood, Huntington Park, Montebello.
408 - San Jose, Santa Clara, Sunnyvale.
415 - Novato, San Francisco, San Rafael.
510 - Fremont, Hayward, Oakland.
530 - Davis, Redding, South Lake Tahoe.
559 - Fresno, Madera, Visalia.
562 - Downey, Long Beach, Whittier.
619 - Chula Vista, El Cajon, San Diego.
626 - Alhambra, Pasadena, West Covina.
650 - Daly City, Palo Alto, San Mateo.
661 - Bakersfield, Lancaster, Santa Clarita.
707 - Eureka, Santa Rosa, Vallejo.
714 - Anaheim, Huntington Beach, Santa Ana.
760 - Oceanside, Palm Springs, Victorville.
805 - Oxnard, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara.
818 - Burbank, Glendale, San Fernando.
831 - Monterey, Salinas, Santa Cruz.
858 - La Jolla, Linda Vista, Poway.
909 - Ontario, Riverside, San Bernardino.
916 - Folsom, Roseville, Sacramento.
925 - Antioch, Concord, Livermore.
949 - Costa Mesa, Irvine, Mission Viejo.
Colorado
303 - Boulder, Denver, Littleton.
719 - Alamosa, Colorado Springs, Pueblo.
720 - Overlay Area Code 303.
970 - Durango, Fort Collins, Grand Junction.
Connecticut
203 - Bridgeport, New Haven, Waterbury.
860 - Hartford, New London, Torrington.
Delaware
302 - Statewide.
District of Columbia
202 - Statewide.
Florida
239 - Cape Coral, Fort Myers, Naples.
305 - Hialeah, Key West, Miami.
321 - Cocoa, Melbourne, Titusville. (1)
352 - Gainesville, Leesburg, Ocala.
386 - Daytona Beach, Deltona, Lake City.
407 - Kissimmee, Orlando, Sanford.
561 - Boca Raton, Jupiter, West Palm Beach.
727 - Clearwater, New Port Richey, Saint Petersburg.
754 - Overlay Area Code 954.
772 - Fort Pierce, Stuart, Vero Beach.
786 - Overlay Area Code 305.
813 - Plant City, Tampa, Zephyrhills.
850 - Panama City, Pensacola, Tallahassee.
863 - Clewiston, Lakeland, Sebring.
904 - Fernandina Beach, Jacksonville, Saint Augustine.
941 - Bradenton, Punta Gorda, Sarasota.
954 - Coral Springs, Fort Lauderdale, Hollywood.
Georgia
229 - Albany, Americus, Valdosta.
404 - Atlanta, Decatur, East Point.
470 - Overlay Area Codes 404, 678, and 770.
478 - Macon, Milledgeville, Swainsboro.
678 - Overlay Area Codes 404 and 770.
706 - Athens, Augusta, Columbus.
770 - Gainesville, Griffin, Marietta.
912 - Brunswick, Savannah, Waycross.
Hawaii
808 - Statewide.
Idaho
208 - Statewide.
Illinois
217 - Champaign, Quincy, Springfield.
309 - Bloomington, Moline, Peoria.
312 - Chicago - Inside Loop.
618 - Belleville, Carbondale, Mount Vernon.
630 - Aurora, Naperville, Wheaton.
708 - Calumet City, Cicero, Tinley Park.
773 - Chicago - Outside Loop.
815 - Joliet, Kankakee, Rockford.
847 - Elgin, Evanston, Waukegan.
Indiana
219 - Gary, La Porte, Rensselaer.
260 - Angola, Fort Wayne, Wabash.
317 - Franklin, Indianapolis, Noblesville.
574 - Elkhart, Logansport, South Bend.
765 - Kokomo, Lafayette, Muncie.
812 - Evansville, New Albany, Terre Haute.
Iowa
319 - Burlington, Cedar Rapids, Waterloo.
515 - Ames, Des Moines, Fort Dodge.
563 - Davenport, Decorah, Dubuque.
641 - Marshalltown, Mason City, Ottumwa.
712 - Council Bluffs, Sioux City, Spencer.
Kansas
316 - El Dorado, Newton, Wichita.
620 - Emporia, Garden City, Hutchinson.
785 - Lawrence, Salina, Topeka.
913 - Kansas City, Leavenworth, Overland Park.
Kentucky
270 - Bowling Green, Owensboro, Paducah.
502 - Bardstown, Frankfort, Louisville.
606 - Ashland, Pikeville, Somerset.
859 - Covington, Lexington, Richmond.
Louisiana
225 - Baton Rouge, Donaldsonville, New Roads.
318 - Alexandria, Monroe, Shreveport.
337 - Lafayette, Lake Charles, New Iberia.
504 - Gretna, Kenner, New Orleans.
985 - Hammond, Houma, Morgan City.
Maine
207 - Statewide.
Maryland
240 - Overlay Area Code 301.
301 - Bowie, Frederick, Hagerstown.
410 - Annapolis, Baltimore, Salisbury.
443 - Overlay Area Code 410.
Massachusetts
339 - Overlay Area Code 781.
351 - Overlay Area Code 978.
413 - Amherst, Pittsfield, Springfield.
508 - Brockton, New Bedford, Worcester.
617 - Boston, Cambridge, Quincy.
774 - Overlay Area Code 508.
781 - Lynn, Waltham, Weymouth.
857 - Overlay Area Code 617.
978 - Fitchburg, Lawrence, Lowell.
Michigan
231 - Cheboygan, Muskegon, Traverse City.
248 - Farmington Hills, Pontiac, Troy.
269 - Battle Creek, Benton Harbor, Kalamazoo.
313 - Dearborn, Detroit, Grosse Pointe.
517 - Coldwater, Jackson, Lansing.
586 - Mount Clemens, Sterling Heights, Warren.
616 - Grand Rapids, Holland, Ionia.
734 - Ann Arbor, Livonia, Monroe. (2)
810 - Flint, Lapeer, Port Huron.
906 - Marquette, Menominee, Sault Sainte Marie.
947 - Overlay Area Code 248.
989 - Alpena, Mount Pleasant, Saginaw.
Minnesota
218 - Brainerd, Duluth, Moorhead.
320 - Hutchinson, Saint Cloud, Willmar.
507 - Mankato, Rochester, Worthington.
612 - Minneapolis, Richfield, Saint Anthony.
651 - Eagan, Red Wing, Saint Paul.
763 - Coon Rapids, Elk River, Plymouth.
952 - Apple Valley, Bloomington, Minnetonka.
Mississippi
228 - Biloxi, Gulfport, Pascagoula.
601 - Hattiesburg, Jackson, Meridian.
662 - Columbus, Greenville, Tupelo.
Missouri
314 - Florissant, Kirkwood, Saint Louis.
417 - Branson, Joplin, Springfield.
573 - Cape Girardeau, Columbia, Jefferson City.
636 - Chesterfield, Festus, Saint Charles.
660 - Kirksville, Maryville, Sedalia.
816 - Independence, Kansas City, Saint Joseph.
Montana
406 - Statewide.
Nebraska
308 - Grand Island, North Platte, Scottsbluff.
402 - Lincoln, Norfolk, Omaha.
Nevada
702 - Henderson, Las Vegas, Laughlin.
775 - Carson City, Elko, Reno.
New Hampshire
603 - Statewide.
New Jersey
201 - Bayonne, Hackensack, Jersey City.
551 - Overlay Area Code 201.
609 - Atlantic City, Trenton, Willingboro.
732 - Long Branch, New Brunswick, Toms River.
848 - Overlay Area Code 732.
856 - Camden, Cherry Hill, Vineland.
862 - Overlay Area Code 973.
908 - Elizabeth, Flemington, Phillipsburg.
973 - Morristown, Newark, Paterson.
New Mexico
505 - Statewide.
New York
212 - New York City - Manhattan.
315 - Syracuse, Utica, Watertown.
347 - Overlay Area Code 718.
516 - Long Island (Nassau - Hempstead, Levittown, Valley Stream).
518 - Albany, Glens Falls, Plattsburgh.
585 - Batavia, Geneva, Rochester.
607 - Binghamton, Elmira, Oneonta.
631 - Long Island (Suffolk - Commack, Islip, Southampton).
646 - Overlay Area Code 212.
716 - Buffalo, Jamestown, Niagara Falls.
718 - New York City - Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island.
845 - Middletown, Newburgh, Poughkeepsie.
914 - New Rochelle, White Plains, Yonkers.
917 - New York City (Cellulars and Pagers). (3)
North Carolina
252 - Greenville, New Bern, Rocky Mount.
336 - Greensboro, Lexington, Winston-Salem.
704 - Charlotte, Concord, Gastonia.
828 - Asheville, Boone, Hickory.
910 - Fayetteville, Jacksonville, Wilmington.
919 - Chapel Hill, Goldsboro, Raleigh.
980 - Overlay Area Code 704.
North Dakota
701 - Statewide.
Ohio
216 - Cleveland, Euclid, Lakewood.
234 - Overlay Area Code 330.
330 - Akron, Canton, Youngstown.
419 - Lima, Mansfield, Toledo.
440 - Lorain, Mentor, Parma.
513 - Cincinnati, Hamilton, Middletown.
567 - Overlay Area Code 419.
614 - Columbus, Reynoldsburg, Westerville.
740 - Marion, Portsmouth, Steubenville.
937 - Bellefontaine, Dayton, Springfield.
Oklahoma
405 - Norman, Oklahoma City, Stillwater.
580 - Ada, Enid, Lawton.
918 - Bartlesville, Muskogee, Tulsa.
Oregon
503 - Astoria, Portland, Salem
541 - Eugene, Medford, Pendleton.
971 - Overlay Area Code 503. (4)
Pennsylvania
215 - Lansdale, Levittown, Philadelphia.
267 - Overlay Area Code 215.
412 - Bethel Park, McKeesport, Pittsburgh.
484 - Overlay Area Code 610.
570 - Pottsville, Scranton, Williamsport.
610 - Allentown, Reading, West Chester.
717 - Harrisburg, Lancaster, York.
724 - Indiana, New Castle, Washington.
814 - Altoona, Erie, Johnstown.
878 - Overlay Area Codes 412 and 724.
Rhode Island
401 - Statewide.
South Carolina
803 - Aiken, Columbia, Rock Hill.
843 - Charleston, Florence, Hilton Head Island.
864 - Anderson, Greenville, Spartanburg.
South Dakota
605 - Statewide.
Tennessee
423 - Chattanooga, Johnson City, Morristown.
615 - Franklin, Murfreesboro, Nashville.
731 - Dyersburg, Humboldt, Jackson.
865 - Knoxville, Oak Ridge, Sevierville.
901 - Covington, Memphis, Somerville.
931 - Clarksville, Columbia, Cookeville.
Texas
210 - Alamo Heights, San Antonio, Universal City.
214 - Dallas, Irving, Plano. (5)
254 - Killeen, Temple, Waco.
281 - Same as Area Code 713.
325 - Abilene, Brownwood, San Angelo.
361 - Corpus Christi, Kingsville, Victoria.
409 - Beaumont, Galveston, Jasper.
430 - Overlay Area Code 903.
432 - Alpine, Midland, Odessa.
469 - Overlay Area Codes 214 and 972.
512 - Austin, Georgetown, San Marcos.
682 - Overlay Area Code 817.
713 - Houston, Pasadena, Sugar Land. (6)
806 - Amarillo, Lubbock, Plainview.
817 - Arlington, Cleburne, Fort Worth.
830 - Eagle Pass, Kerrville, New Braunfels.
832 - Overlay Area Codes 281 and 713.
903 - Longview, Sherman, Tyler.
915 - Dell City, El Paso, Sierra Blanca.
936 - Huntsville, Liberty, Nacogdoches.
940 - Denton, Mineral Wells, Wichita Falls.
956 - Brownsville, Laredo, McAllen.
972 - Same as Area Code 214.
979 - Angleton, Bay City, Bryan.
Utah
385 - Effective 03/30/05 (801).
435 - Logan, Saint George, Vernal.
801 - Ogden, Provo, Salt Lake City.
Vermont
802 - Statewide.
Virginia
276 - Bluefield, Bristol, Martinsville.
434 - Charlottesville, Danville, Lynchburg.
540 - Fredericksburg, Harrisonburg, Roanoke.
571 - Overlay Area Code 703.
703 - Alexandria, Arlington, Manassas.
757 - Norfolk, Virginia Beach, Williamsburg.
804 - Petersburg, Richmond, Tappahannock.
Washington
206 - Mercer Island, Richmond Beach, Seattle.
253 - Auburn, Kent, Tacoma.
360 - Bellingham, Olympia, Vancouver.
425 - Bellevue, Everett, Renton.
509 - Kennewick, Spokane, Yakima.
West Virginia
304 - Statewide.
Wisconsin
262 - Kenosha, Racine, West Bend.
414 - Milwaukee, Wauwatosa, West Allis.
608 - Janesville, La Crosse, Madison.
715 - Eau Claire, Superior, Wausau.
920 - Green Bay, Oshkosh, Sheboygan.
Wyoming
307 - Statewide.
CANADA
Alberta
403 - Calgary.
780 - Edmonton.
British Columbia
250 - Victoria.
604 - Vancouver.
778 - Overlay Area Code 604.
Manitoba
204 - Province Wide.
New Brunswick
506 - Province Wide.
Newfoundland
709 - Province Wide.
Northwest Territories
867 - Province Wide.
Nova Scotia
902 - Province Wide.
Nunavut
867 - Province Wide.
Ontario
226 - Effective 02/19/05 (519).
289 - Overlay Area Code 905.
416 - Toronto.
519 - London.
613 - Ottawa.
647 - Overlay Area Code 416.
705 - North Bay.
807 - Thunder Bay.
905 - Hamilton.
Prince Edward Island
902 - Province Wide.
Quebec
418 - Quebec City.
438 - Effective 09/24/05 (514).
450 - Laval.
514 - Montreal.
819 - Sherbrooke.
Saskatchewan
306 - Province Wide.
Yukon Territory
867 - Province Wide.
CARIBBEAN
Anguilla - 264
Antigua & Barbuda - 268
Bahamas - 242
Barbados - 246
Bermuda - 441
British Virgin Islands - 284
Cayman Islands - 345
Dominica - 767
Dominican Republic - 809
Grenada - 473
Jamaica - 876
Montserrat - 664
Puerto Rico - 787/939
Saint Kitts & Nevis - 869
Saint Lucia - 758
Saint Vincent & Grenadines - 784
Trinidad & Tobago - 868
Turks & Caicos - 649
U.S. Virgin Islands - 340
PACIFIC
American Samoa - 684
Guam - 671
Northern Marianas - 670
Palau - 680
OTHERS
311 - Non-Emergency Access.
411 - Local Directory Assistance.
456 - International Inbound.
500 - Personal Communication Services.
600 - Services in Canada.
611 - Repair Services.
700 - IC Services.
710 - U.S. Government.
711 - TRS Access.
800 - Toll Free Calling.
855 - Toll Free Calling.
866 - Toll Free Calling.
877 - Toll Free Calling.
880 - Toll Free Calling (Paid 800 Service)***.
881 - Toll Free Calling (Paid 888 Service)***.
882 - Toll Free Calling (Paid 877 Service)***.
883 - Toll Free Calling (Paid 866 Service)***.
888 - Toll Free Calling.
900 - Paid Service Calls.
911 - Emergency Services.
976 - Paid Service Calls.
***880, 881, 882, and 883 are Toll Free Calls from Canada and the Caribbean, but the receiving party in the United States is charged.
NOTE: Some cities appear in more than one area code. Example: The major portion of Los Angeles appears in area code 213, but other areas of the city are in area codes 310, 323, and 818.
Example:
213 - Downtown and Echo Park.
310 - Bel Air, Brentwood, Century City, San Pedro, Venice, West Los Angeles, Westwood, and Wilmington.
323 - Crenshaw, Eagle Rock, Hollywood, and Watts.
818 - San Fernando Valley - Canoga Park, Chatsworth, Encino, Granada Hills, North Hollywood, Northridge, Pacoima, Panorama City, Reseda, Sherman Oaks, Studio City, Sunland, Tarzana, Tujunga, Van Nuys, and Woodland Hills.
Florida (1) :
Area Code 321 covers all of Brevard County, but in addition it also is an entire overlay for Area Code 407.
Example: Orlando is both area codes 407 and 321.
Michigan (2) :
The city of Livonia is area code 734, but surrounding areas that use Livonia as a mailing address are located in the 248 and 313 area codes.
New York (3) :
Area code 917 is predominantly cellulars and pagers in New York City. Some regular lines in Manhattan have recently been assigned the 917 area code. The new overlay area codes of 347 and 646 have also been assigned cellulars and pagers, in addition to regular land lines.
Oregon (4) :
Area Code 971 does not overlay Clatsop and Tillamook Counties. These areas are entirely served by Area Code 503.
Texas (5 and 6) :
Area Codes 713/281/832:
The introduction of area code 832, in the form of an overlay, officially erased the 713 and 281 area codes. To date, a majority of the 713 and 281 area codes are assigned to specific areas.
713 - Bellaire, Galena Park, Houston, Jacinto City, Pasadena, South Houston, and West University Place.
281 - Alvin, Baytown, Deer Park, Humble, Katy, La Porte, League City, Missouri City, Pearland, and Sugar Land.
**While a majority of Houston is area code 713, some sections of the city are located in area code 281.
201 - New Jersey (Bayonne, Hackensack, Jersey City).
202 - District of Columbia (Statewide).
203 - Connecticut (Bridgeport, New Haven, Waterbury).
204 - Manitoba (Province Wide).
205 - Alabama (Birmingham, Hoover, Tuscaloosa).
206 - Washington (Mercer Island, Richmond Beach, Seattle).
207 - Maine (Statewide).
208 - Idaho (Statewide).
209 - California (Merced, Modesto, Stockton).
210 - Texas (Alamo Heights, San Antonio, Universal City).
212 - New York (New York City - Manhattan).
213 - California (Los Angeles - Downtown).
214 - Texas (Dallas, Irving, Plano).
215 - Pennsylvania (Lansdale, Levittown, Philadelphia).
216 - Ohio (Cleveland, Euclid, Lakewood).
217 - Illinois (Champaign, Quincy, Springfield).
218 - Minnesota (Brainerd, Duluth, Moorhead).
219 - Indiana (Gary, La Porte, Rensselaer).
225 - Louisiana (Baton Rouge, Donaldsonville, New Roads).
226 - Ontario (Effective 02/19/05).
228 - Mississippi (Biloxi, Gulfport, Pascagoula).
229 - Georgia (Albany, Americus, Valdosta).
231 - Michigan (Cheboygan, Muskegon, Traverse City).
234 - Ohio (Overlay Area Code 330).
239 - Florida (Cape Coral, Fort Myers, Naples).
240 - Maryland (Overlay Area Code 301).
242 - Bahamas.
246 - Barbados.
248 - Michigan (Farmington Hills, Pontiac, Troy).
250 - British Columbia (Victoria).
251 - Alabama (Bay Minette, Mobile, Monroeville).
252 - North Carolina (Greenville, New Bern, Rocky Mount).
253 - Washington (Auburn, Kent, Tacoma).
254 - Texas (Killeen, Temple, Waco).
256 - Alabama (Anniston, Florence, Huntsville).
260 - Indiana (Angola, Fort Wayne, Wabash).
262 - Wisconsin (Kenosha, Racine, West Bend).
264 - Anguilla.
267 - Pennsylvania (Overlay Area Code 215).
268 - Antigua & Barbuda.
269 - Michigan (Battle Creek, Benton Harbor, Kalamazoo).
270 - Kentucky (Bowling Green, Owensboro, Paducah).
276 - Virginia (Bluefield, Bristol, Martinsville).
281 - Texas (Same as Area Code 713).
284 - British Virgin Islands.
289 - Ontario (Overlay Area Code 905).
301 - Maryland (Bowie, Frederick, Hagerstown).
302 - Delaware (Statewide).
303 - Colorado (Boulder, Denver, Littleton).
304 - West Virginia (Statewide).
305 - Florida (Hialeah, Key West, Miami).
306 - Saskatchewan (Province Wide).
307 - Wyoming (Statewide).
308 - Nebraska (Grand Island, North Platte, Scottsbluff).
309 - Illinois (Bloomington, Moline, Peoria).
310 - California (Inglewood, Santa Monica, Torrance).
311 - Non-Emergency Access.
312 - Illinois (Chicago - Inside Loop).
313 - Michigan (Dearborn, Detroit, Grosse Pointe).
314 - Missouri (Florissant, Kirkwood, Saint Louis).
315 - New York (Syracuse, Utica, Watertown).
316 - Kansas (El Dorado, Newton, Wichita).
317 - Indiana (Franklin, Indianapolis, Noblesville).
318 - Louisiana (Alexandria, Monroe, Shreveport).
319 - Iowa (Burlington, Cedar Rapids, Waterloo).
320 - Minnesota (Hutchinson, Saint Cloud, Willmar).
321 - Florida (Cocoa, Melbourne, Titusville - Overlay Area Code 407).
323 - California (Hollywood, Huntington Park, Montebello).
325 - Texas (Abilene, Brownwood, San Angelo).
330 - Ohio (Akron, Canton, Youngstown).
334 - Alabama (Dothan, Mobile, Montgomery).
336 - North Carolina (Greensboro, Lexington, Winston-Salem).
337 - Louisiana (Lafayette, Lake Charles, New Iberia).
339 - Massachusetts (Overlay Area Code 781).
340 - U.S. Virgin Islands.
345 - Cayman Islands.
347 - New York (Overlay Area Code 718).
351 - Massachusetts (Overlay Area Code 978).
352 - Florida (Gainesville, Leesburg, Ocala).
360 - Washington (Bellingham, Olympia, Vancouver).
361 - Texas (Corpus Christi, Kingsville, Victoria).
385 - Utah (Effective 03/30/05).
386 - Florida (Daytona Beach, Deltona, Lake City).
401 - Rhode Island (Statewide).
402 - Nebraska (Lincoln, Norfolk, Omaha).
403 - Alberta (Calgary).
404 - Georgia (Atlanta, Decatur, East Point).
405 - Oklahoma (Norman,