五一国际劳动节
五一国际劳动节wǔ yī guó jì láo dòng jié亦称"五一节",定在每年的五月一日。它是全世界无产队级、劳动人民的共同节日。
Labor's Day is on May 1st. Labor's Day is an international day for workers. Working is glorious, and we should respect workers. The Labor's Day is workers' holiday and workers can enjoy themselves to their heart's content. Many people choose to travel. And some others will go to the cinema. Some will go to parks. And others will stay at home
此节源于美国芝加哥城的工人大罢工.1886年5月1日,芝加哥的二十一万六千余名工人为争取实行八小时工作制而举行大罢工,经过艰苦的流血斗争,终于获得了胜利.为纪念这次伟大的工人运动,1889年7 月第二国际宣布将每年的五月一日定为国际劳动节.这一决定立即得到世界各国工人的积极响应.1890年5月1日,欧美各国的工人阶级率先走向街头,举行盛大的示威游行与集会,争取合法权益.从此,每逢这一天世界各国的劳动人民都要集会,游行,以示庆祝.
为纪念这次伟大的工人运动,1889年7月，在恩格斯组织召开的第二国际成立大会上宣布将每年的五月一日定为国际劳动节，简称“五一”。这一决定立即得到世界各国工人的积极响应。1890年5月1日,欧美各国的工人阶级率先走向街头,举行盛大的示威游行与集会,争取合法权益。从此,每逢这一天,世界各国的劳动人民都要集会、游行,以示庆祝。
中国人民庆祝劳动节的活动可追溯至1918年。这一年,一些革命的知识分子在上海、苏州、杭州、汉口等地向群众散发介绍“五一”的传单。
1920年5月1日,北京、上海、广州、九江、唐山等各工业城市的工人群众浩浩荡荡地走向街市、举行了声势浩大的游行、集会。李大钊专门在《新青年》上发表了《“五一”运动史》，介绍“五一”节的来历和美法等国工人纪念“五一”的活动，号召中国工人把这年的“五一”作为觉醒的日期。陈独秀也为庆祝这个节日发表了《上海厚生纱厂湖南女工问题》一文，揭露资本家剥削工人剩余价值的真相。陈独秀又在上海船务栈房工界联合会作了《劳苦者的觉悟》的演说，阐明了“劳动创造世界”。“做工的人最有用最贵重”的观点。在北京，一些青年外出宣传，散发《五月一日劳工宣言》，唤起工人为反对剥削、争取自身权利而斗争。这是中国首次纪念“五一”国际劳动节的活动，也是中国历史上的第一个“五一”劳动节。
新中国成立以后,中央人民政府政务院于1949年12月将5月1日定为法定的劳动节,是日全国放假一天。每年的这一天,举国欢庆,人们换上节日的盛装,兴高采烈地聚集在公园、剧院、广场,参加各种庆祝集会或文体娱乐活动,并对有突出贡献的劳动者进行表彰。
1920年5月1日,北京,上海,广州,九江,唐山等各工业城市的工人群众浩浩荡荡地走向街市,举行了声势浩大的游行,集会,这就是中国历史上的第一个五一劳动节.放后,中央人民政府政务院于1949年12月将五月一日定为法定的劳动节,是日全国放假一天.节日,举国欢庆,人们换上节日的盛装,兴高采烈地聚集在公园,剧院,广场,参加各种庆祝集会或文体娱乐活动,并对有突出贡献的劳动者进行表彰.
1886年5月1日芝加哥城的工人大罢工
5月1日,国际劳动节,它是全世界工人阶级斗争的历史纪念,每个国家都很重视它,尤其是美国,加拿大,南非.事件起因是, 1880年美国工人游行集会要求8小时工作制.1884年,联邦贸易组织通过了一项解决方案,以立法的形式规定从1886年5月1日开始执行每日8 小时工作制,但此后,工人们仍然被强迫每天工作10小时,12小时,甚至14小时,这使得该项立法明有实亡,而各地的联邦首脑对此却表示出十分冷淡和不友好的态度,于是一场为争取8小时工作的罢工开始了.
世界各国过"五一" 庆祝特色各千秋
一年一度的“五一”国际劳动节又到了，为了纪念这个全世界劳动人民团结战斗的节日，世界各国一般都会举行相应的庆祝活动。不过，并不是所有国家都将5月1日定为劳动节，那些同过“五一”的国家，具体的庆祝方式和习惯也大不相同，我们不妨一起来看看其他一些国家是怎么度过劳动节的。
***美国：劳动节发源地不过“五一”
劳动节起源于美国。19世纪80年代，美国资产阶级为了进行资本积累，对工人阶级进行残酷的剥削压榨，他们用各种手段，迫使工人每天从事长达12到16小时甚至更多时间的劳动。美国广大工人逐渐认识到，为了保障自己的权利，必须起来进行斗争。
从1884年开始，美国先进的工人组织通过决议，要为实现“每天工作8小时”而战斗，并提出“8小时工作；8小时休息；8小时娱乐！劳动者创造全部财富！”等口号。
1886年5月1日，美国芝加哥的工人举行大罢工。那一天，以芝加哥为中心，美国全国约35万工人参加了罢工和游行，要求改善劳动条件，实行8小时工作制。这场斗争震撼了整个美国。工人阶级团结战斗的强大力量，迫使资本家做出了让步，美国工人的这一大罢工取得了胜利。
1889年7月，由恩格斯领导的第二国际在巴黎举行代表大会。为了纪念美国工人的这次“五一”大罢工，会议通过决议，将每年的5月1日定为国际劳动节。从此，世界各国的工人团体在这一天举行盛大庆祝活动，许多国家还放假一天。
但是，特殊的是，美国政府后来在设立劳动节时，自行规定每年9月的第一个星期一为劳动节，所以美国人的劳动节不在5月，而在9月。
每逢9月的劳动节，美国人可以放假一天，全美各地的民众一般都会举行游行、集会等各种庆祝活动，以示对劳工的尊重。在一些州，人们在游行之后还要举办野餐会，热闹地吃喝、唱歌、跳舞。入夜，有的地方还会放焰火。
***俄罗斯：游行、集会、娱乐一个都不少
自国际上设立劳动节以来，俄罗斯一直比较重视这个特别的节日。“五一”这天，俄罗斯全国放假，并举行各种庆祝活动及群众性游行。
过去，上述活动主要是由政府组织，游行队伍中包括各企业、机关的代表。现在，除政府统筹的庆祝活动外，各种不同政见的非政府组织、劳工团体，都会在这一天自发举行各种庆祝活动，既可以借这个机会充分阐述各自的政见，又能扩大本组织的影响。
一般来说，“五一”游行的队伍要先穿过城市的主要街道、广场，最后在古老的或者宽阔的中心广场举行大型集会和庆典。同时，俄罗斯各地的各种俱乐部还会举行内容丰富、色彩缤纷的娱乐活动，人们的节日情绪很高。
***日本：劳动节逢“黄金周”
日本是一个节日比较多的国家，5月1日前后的节日就很多，如4月29日植树节、5月3日宪法纪念日、4日国民假日、5日儿童节，这些假日连起来，一般日本人至少有一周休息时间，最长的甚至达11天。
对工薪阶层来说，这个长假的意义真是不同寻常。因此，在日本，劳动节专门的庆祝活动日渐被“五一黄金周”所取代。而且从4月29日开始，日本就已经进入了“黄金周”。
日本全国的许多饭店、温泉等娱乐设施，纷纷在“五一”前打出各种广告招揽游客，普通旅馆的房间价格也比平时提高一倍以上。
今年4月29日，日本成田机场迎来了假日的第一个高峰，当天从这里出国的游客超过4万人，预计“黄金周”期间该机场运送旅客将达到81万人。许多游客选择到夏威夷、塞班岛、中国和东南亚等地旅游。
***加拿大：9月劳动节标志夏天结束
同为北美国家，加拿大与美国一样也是在每年9月的第一个星期一庆祝劳动节。在渥太华、多伦多等城市，每年劳动节时都会举行游行和集会，以此表彰工会组织下的工人对加拿大社会所做出的贡献。
另外，比较与众不同的是，在大多数加拿大人的概念中，这个9月的劳动节标志着夏天的结束。一般情况下，家长们会利用劳动节的假期给孩子买新学期的学习用品，商家也往往借机促销文具。
***泰国、秘鲁：放假一天
泰国于1932年首次颁布劳工条例，随后将每年的5月1日确定为国家的劳动节，以此嘉奖辛勤工作的劳动者。这一天，泰国全国统一放假一天，在首都以及一些大城市会有相关的庆祝活动，不过规模一般都不会太大。
和泰国的情况比较类似，南美国家秘鲁也规定5月1日为国家的劳动节，而且全国放假一天。
***意大利：不庆祝不放假
英国、法国等欧洲国家都将“五一”确定为劳动节，不少国家都放假一天，还有的国家则根据情况将公共假期放在5月的第一个星期一。
不过，和世界大多数国家不太一样的是，意大利尽管承认“五一”国际劳动节，政府也表示尊重劳工，但一般人并不举行专门的庆祝活动，也没有全国性的“五一”假期
英语:
May First International Labor Day w ǔ y ī guójìláo dòng jiéalso calls " May Day " Decides in every year on May 1. It isthe world not produces team level, working people's common holiday. Labor' S Day is on May 1st. Labor' S Day is an internationalday for workers. Working is glorious, and we should respect workers.The Labor' S Day is workers' Holiday and workers can enjoythemselves to their heart' S content. Many people choose totravel. And some others will go to the cinema. Some will go to parks.And others will stay at home This source greatly strikes to the American Chicago city laborperson 1886 the year on May 1, Chicago's 216,000 worker for strivesfor implements eight hours work systems to hold greatly strikes,passes through difficultly bleeds the struggle, finally has achievedthe success For will commemorate this great labor movement,1,889years in July second international announcement every year on May 1 todecide as international labor day This decision obtains the variouscountries worker positively to respond immediately 1890 the year onMay 1, the European and American various countries working class takesthe lead to move towards the street corner, holds the granddemonstration and the assembly, strives for the legitimate rights andinterests From this time on, every time meets this day variouscountries the working people all want to assemble, the parade, showsto celebrate For will commemorate this great labor movement,1,889 years in July,organizes in Engels to convene internationally second had beenestablished at the congress to announce every year on May 1 willdecide as international labor day, the abbreviation "51". Thisdecision obtains the various countries worker's positive responseimmediately. On May 1, 1890, the European and American variouscountries working class took the lead to move towards the streetcorner, held the grand demonstration and the assembly, strove for thelegitimate rights and interests. From this time on, every time meetsthis day, the various countries working people all must hold, theparade, shows to celebrate. The Chinese people celebrated Labor Day's activity to be possible totrace to 1918. This year, some revolutionary intellectuals in placessuch as Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Hankou send out introduces "51"circular to the populace. On May 1, 1920, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Jiujiang, Tangshan andso on various industrial city working masses enormously and powerfulmoved towards the downtown, have held the mammoth parade, theassembly. Li Dazhao on has specially published "" 51 "MovementHistory" in "New youth", introduced "51" the festival origin and isbeautiful method and so on the national well-known craftsman personcommemorates "51" the activity, summoned the Chinese worker the datewhich "51" the achievement awakens this year. Chen Duxiu also forcelebrated this holiday to publish "Shanghai To enrich the well-beingof the masses Cotton mill Hunan Female worker Question" an article,exposed the capitalist to exploit the worker surplus value the truth.Chen Duxiu has done in on sea boat service 栈房labor federation"劳苦 Consciousness" the speech, has expounded "the work creationworld". "Works the person most useful is most precious" viewpoint. InBeijing, some youths egress the propaganda, sends out "on May 1Laborer Manifesto", arouses the worker for the oppositionexploitation, strives for own right to struggle. This is Chinacommemorates "51" for the first time international labor day'sactivity, also is in Chinese history first "51" Labor Day. After new China is founded, the Central People's Government stateadministrative council on May 1 will decide as legal Labor Day inDecember, 1949, will be the date nation has a vacation one day. Everyyear this day, whole nation joyfully celebrates, the people exchangethe holiday the splendid attire, jubilantly gathers at the park, thetheater, the square, attends each kind of celebration to assemble orthe literary style recreational activity, and to the worker which hasthe prominent contribution carries on the commendation. On May 1, 1920, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Jiujiang, Tangshan andso on various industrial city working masses enormously and powerfulmoved towards the downtown, has held the mammoth parade, the assembly,this was in Chinese history first 51 Labor Day After puts, theCentral People's Government state administrative council on May 1 willdecide as legal Labor Day in December, 1949, will be the date nationhas a vacation one day The holiday, the whole nation joyfullycelebrates, the people exchange the holiday the splendid attire,jubilantly gathers at the park, the theater, the square, attends eachkind of celebration to assemble or the literary style recreationalactivity, and to the worker which has the prominent contributioncarries on the commendation On May 1, 1886 the Chicago city labor people greatly struck On May 1, international labor day, it is the historicalcommemoration which the world working class struggles, each countryall very much takes it, in particular US, Canada, South Africa Theevent cause is, in 1880 the American workers paraded assemble request8 hours work systems 1884 year, the federation trade organization topass a solution, legislates the form stipulated started from 1886 May1 to carry out every day 8 hours work systems, but hereafter, theworkers are still forced to work every day for 10 hours,12 hours, even14 hours, this enabled this legislation clearly to have the reality toperish, but each place federation head actually expressed regardingthis was extremely desolate and the unfriendly manner, thereupon forstrove for 8 hours work the strikes to start Various countries " 51 " Celebration characteristic variouscenturies Once a year "51" international labor day arrived, forcommemorate this world working people to unite fight the holiday, thevarious countries generally can hold corresponding celebration. But,certainly will not be all countries all on May 1 decides as Labor Day,these with "51" country, concrete celebration way and custom alsoentirely different, how will we might as well together have a lookother some countries passed Labor Day. *** US: Labor Day place of origin only "51" Labor Day origins from US. 19th century 80's, US bourgeoisiein order to carry on the accumulation of capital, carries on brutalexploitation squeezing to the working class, they use each method,forces the worker to be engaged in every day long reaches 12 to 16hours even more time work. The American general workers graduallyrealize, in order to safeguard own right, must get up wages thestruggle. Started from 1884, the American advanced workers organized through theresolution, had to be the realization "works for 8 hours to fightevery day", and proposed "8 hours work; 8 hours rests; 8 hoursentertainment! The worker creates the complete wealth!" Slogan. On May 1, 1886, the American Chicago's workers held greatly strike.That one day, take Chicago as the center, the American nationapproximately 350,000 workers participated in the strike and theparade, the request improvement work condition, implemented 8 hourswork systems. This struggle has shocked entire US. The working classunites the fight the formidable strength, forced the capitalist tomake the concessions, American worker's this big strike has gained thevictory. In July, 1889, led internationally second by Engels holds therepresentative assembly in Paris. For commemorate American worker'sthis "51" greatly to strike, the conference through the resolution,every year on May 1 will decide as international labor day. From thistime on, the various countries worker association in this day holdgrand celebration, many countries also has a vacation one day. What but, is special, the American government afterwards when set upLabor Day, voluntarily stipulated every year September first Mondaywas Labor Day, therefore American's Labor Day not in May, but inSeptember. Every time meets September the Labor Day, the American may have avacation one day, the entire American each place populace generallycan hold the parade, the assembly and so on each kind of celebration,shows to the laborer the respect. In some states, people after paradealso must conduct the picnic meeting, lively eats and drinks, sings,dances. At nightfall, some places also can set off the fireworks. *** Russia: The parade, the assembly, entertainment all many Since on international has set up Labor Day, Russiacontinuously quite takes this special holiday. "51" this day, theRussian nation has a vacation, and holds each kind of celebration andthe mass parade. In the past, the above activity mainly was by the officialorganization, in the troops on parade including various enterprises,institution's representatives. Now, celebration which plans besidesthe government, each different political view non- officialorganization, the labor group, can spontaneously hold each kind ofcelebration in this day, both may take this opportunity fully toelaborate respective political view, and can expand this organizationthe influence. Generally speaking, "51" the parade troop must first pass through thecity the major street, the square, finally in is ancient or the broadcentral square hold large-scale assembly and the celebration. At thesame time, Russian each place each kind of club also can hold thecontent richly, the color riotous recreational activity, people'sholiday mood is very high. *** Japan: Labor Day meets "the gold week" Japan is holiday quite many countries, before May 1 the afterholiday very many, like on April 29 Arbor Day, on May 3 theconstitution commemoration day, on 4th the national holiday, on 5ththe child festival, these holidays links, the common Japanese at leasthas week relaxation time, is longest even reaches 11 day. Said to the salariat that, this long vacation significance really isdifferent is common. Therefore, in Japan, the Labor Day specialcelebration quilt "51 golds weeks" substitutes day after day. Moreoverstarts from April 29, Japan on already entered "the gold week". Japanese entertainment facility and so on nation many hotels, hotspring, in "51" front splits out each kind of advertisement to gatherthe tourist in abundance, the ordinary hotel room price also comparesusually enhances above a time. This April 29, the Japanese Narita airport welcomed the holiday firstpeak, same day the tourist which went abroad from here surpasses40,000 people, estimated "the gold week" period this airport will shipthe passenger to achieve 810,000 people. Many tourists choose placestraveling such as the Hawaii, Saipan Island, China and Southeast Asia. *** Canada: In September Labor Day symbolized the summer ended With is the North America country, Canada and US equally alsois celebrates Labor Day in every year September first Monday. Whencity and so on Ottawa, Toronto, every year Labor Day can hold paradesand assembles, by this commendation labor union organization's underworkers the contribution which make to the Canadian society. Moreover, compared with, in the majority Canadian's concept which isout of the ordinary, this September Labor Day symbolizes the summerconclusion. In the ordinary circumstances, the guardians can vacationbuy the new semester using Labor Day to the child the study materials,the merchant also often taking the opportunity promote sales thestationery. *** Thailand, Peru: Has a vacation one day Thailand will promulgate the labor statute for the first timein 1932, afterwards every year on May 1 will determine for nationalLabor Day, by this praise industrious work worker. This day, the Thaination unification has a vacation one day, can have the correlation inthe capital as well as some big cities celebration, but the scalegenerally all cannot too be big. With Thailand's situation quite similar, South America country Perualso stipulates in May on 1 for national Labor Day, moreover thenation has a vacation one day. *** Italy: Does not celebrate does not have a vacation European country and so on the England, France all "51" thedetermination will be Labor Day, many countries all have a vacationone day, but also some countries put according to the situation thepublic holidays in May first Monday. But, Italy which not too is same with the world majority countryalthough acknowledged "51" international labor day, the governmentalso expresses the respect laborer, but the average person certainlydoes not hold special celebration, also nationwidely does not have"51" the vacation