哥特式建筑是11世纪下半叶起源于法国，13～15世纪流行于欧洲的一种建筑风格，常被使用在欧洲主教座堂、修道院、教堂、城堡、宫殿、会堂以及部分私人住宅中，其基本构件是尖拱和肋架拱顶，整体风格为高耸削瘦，其基本单元是在一个正方形或矩形平面四角的柱子上做双圆心骨架尖券，四边和对角线上各一道，屋面石板架在券上，形成拱顶。
哥特式建筑以卓越的建筑技艺表现了神秘、哀婉、崇高的强烈情感，对后世其他艺术有重大影响，其魅力来自于比例、光与色彩的美学体验，即通过对光的形而上的沉思，通过对数与色的象征性理解，使灵魂摆脱俗世物质的羁绊，迎著神恩之光向着天国飞升。这种建筑虽曾于欧洲全境流行，不过在欧洲文艺复兴时期，一度颇为被藐视。
十八世纪，英格兰开始了一连串的哥特复兴，蔓延至十九世纪的欧洲，并持续至二十世纪，主要影响教会与大学建筑，哥特式大教堂等无价建筑艺术已列入联合国教科文组织的世界遗产，其也成了一门关于主教座堂和教堂的研究。
在中国境内知名的哥特式建筑包括北京的西什库教堂、青岛天主教堂、永宁天主教堂等等。
哥特式建筑的基本构件是尖拱（ogival，或称尖拱券、尖券）和肋架拱顶（ribbed vault）。
哥特式建筑虽曾于欧洲全境流行，不过在欧洲文艺复兴时期，一度颇为被藐视。
1137－1144年，圣邓尼斯修道院院长絮热（Suger，1081－1151）主持了圣邓尼斯修道院教堂（Abbey Church of St. Denis）的重建。圣邓尼斯修道院教堂始建于8世纪晚期，以早期基督教时期的一位圣徒圣邓尼斯（St. Denis，约258年卒）命名。絮热立志要把这座在法国人心目中具有纪念碑性质的教堂建成全法兰西的精神中心，激发法国人的爱国主义情感。由絮热主持重建起来的这座圣邓尼斯教堂被公认为第一所哥特式教堂。
哥特式建筑是以法国为中心发展起来的。12世纪是法国哥特式的发生与发展的阶段。13世纪，法国哥特式发展至纯熟境地，夏特尔大教堂（Chartres Cathedral）展示了早期哥特式向盛期哥特式发展的不同风格阶段。夏特尔大教堂之后，法国兴起大教堂建设高潮，哥特式盛期到来。兰斯大教堂（Reims Cathedral）、亚眠大教堂（Amiens Cathedral）和博韦大教堂（Beauvais Cathedral）等都是盛期哥特式的伟大作品。13世纪中叶以后，哥特式建筑愈发向轻盈和繁饰发展。先后出现了辐射式（Rayonnant）、火焰式（Flamboyant）等晚期哥特式建筑。法国哥特式也播及欧洲各地，并在各地形成不同的风格特征。在英国有盛饰式（Decorated style）、垂直式（Perpendicular）。典型的德国哥特式则综合了法国盛期哥特式和英国垂直式，以密集小尖塔令人目瞪口呆。意大利的哥特式则更多保留有古典和拜占庭的传统。
德国科隆大教堂被认为完美地结合了所有中世纪哥特式建筑和装饰元素
1. 描述法国的某个特点的英语作文
France officially the French Republic is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in Western Europe, and that is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and North Sea, and from the Rhine River to the Atlantic Ocean. French people often refer to Metropolitan France as l'Hexagone (the "Hexagon") because of its geographical shape. France is bordered by Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Andorra, and Spain. In some of its overseas parts, France also shares land borders with Brazil, Suriname, and the Netherlands Antilles. France is also linked to the United Kingdom via the Channel Tunnel, which passes underneath the English Channel. The French Republic is a democracy which is anized as a unitary semi-presidential republic. It is a highly developed country with the fifth-largest economy in the world in 2005.[2] Its main ideals are expressed in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. France is one of the founding members of the European Union, and has the largest land area of all members. France is also a founding member of the United Nations. It is one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council wielding veto power, and it is also one of only eight acknowledged nuclear powers.这是描写法国的 Green Olympics Olympic Games, as we all know, is a historic sports meeting. "Green Olympics", is one of the three themes of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. At present, people's life is being flooded with exhaust gas from automobile, blue film, waste water and so on. Owing to these phenomena, we should advocate "Green Olympics", and I am positive of this point. Two possible reasons are as follows. Firstly, environmental protection benefits people's health. In terms of increasing number of trashes around us, such as white plastic bags, one-off cups and chopsticks, it is sensible of disposing of them reasonably. So we ought to use clean technology, renewable and recyclable materials. Secondly, environmental protection is crucial to our country, and even to the world. Lots of countries attached more attention to embrace the Olympic spirits---"higher, faster, and stronger" well. In conclusion, as college students and the young generation, we should try our best to advocate "Green Olympics". The 2008 Olympic Games will be a green and unique Olympics. 这是奥运会的。
2. 描写法国的英语作文Last summer I went to Paris with my parents. I was very excited and happy.
Since we don't speak French, we joined a tour to Paris. It last a week.
We visited the Eiffel Tower, Notre Dame, Palace Louvre and Palace Versailles. I like palace Louvre most because I saw Da Vinci's the Last Supper there. I also liked the Eiffel Tower because we could see most part of Paris at the top.
We also sightsee many churches. Honestly, seeing church after church bored me to no end.
.
The trip was mostly enjoyable. I promise myself to go back to Paris again. Next time, I am going to stay longer and will not join a tour. Paris is such a big city that I want to take a closer look.
That trip was a memorable one!
3. 用英语写一段介绍法国的短文~France is a developed contry,and it is very beautiful.It is said that franch is very romance ,so I think it also is a romance contry.There are a lot of famous people e from France,such as Voltaire（伏尔泰）、Jean-Jacques Rousseau（卢梭）and so on.This contry has lots of tourist spots,many people e around the world to visit here every year. France is the world's fourth largest economic, trade, financial and technological power.Nevertheless, the French remain contemporary political, economic, cultural and technological power, the world remains a blue star。
4. 写一篇英语作文,去法国旅游的,要求不知道你想要什么程度的，我就按我自己的想法写了.This winter vacation I went to French with my family. French is a romantic place where I have expected to be there for long time. And before I arrived there, I did some homework to know some basic knowledge about the local place. Then we got to French by air and arrived at nine o'clock the next morning. We traveled a lot of beautiful places and ate delicious food. We went to the Louvre Palace, and saw the painting of Mona Lisa. It's a really great experience.。
5. 用英语写一篇有关法国的文章法国是访问量最大的国家，在世界上。
它拥有所有你可以以往任何时候都希望看到您的假期：一个伟大的城市，像巴黎，良好的泳滩，更多的古迹比其他任何国家，可爱的性质，令人难以置信的山区景色；需要我继续？法国也是一个非常愉快的住宿地点。它具有良好的食品，葡萄酒和伟大的人民享有他们的生命。
和最好的事情是，也许除了巴黎，住在法国并不一定昂贵。北部的法国组成的平原镇附近里尔和渠道。
该地区会提醒旅客在许多方面比利时和荷兰。大'的地方，在里尔举例来说是一个很大一样，布鲁塞尔的。
巴黎，城市轻及其周围地区之一，访问量最大的地区。巴黎是没有疑问的其中一个最美丽的城市就行星。
西，法国是转向大西洋沿岸。在北部的诺曼底和布列塔尼有连绵的山丘，沙滩和宁静的小海港城镇。
诺曼底及布列塔尼有一个更坚固的海岸和许多新石器时代遗址。它有相当独特的气氛，从该国其余地区；您仍然可以感受到凯尔特的起源该地区及其居民。
东部的一部分，法国构成的阿尔萨斯，洛林，弗朗什转移酶？和勃艮第地区。景观有连绵起伏的丘陵和许多美丽的城市，如梅斯，斯特拉斯堡，南锡和第戎。
这一地区产生许多著名的葡萄酒，包括宏伟的黑皮诺noirs和chardonnays价值世界各地，以及著名的“黄酒”从汝拉山区的葡萄园。 该中心的法国在许多方面是最安静的一部分，法国。
但伟大的瑰宝，这一地区是卢瓦尔河谷，与许多伟大的城堡和美丽的城镇。 chartres与著名的大教堂和旅游率最美丽的法国城市。
南方其可爱的性质，良好的食物，古罗马废墟，当然是海滨吸引了很多游客，每年。城镇一样，橙，阿尔勒，而且大城市如马赛和土伦是必须看到。
Provence的是点缀着愉快的小村庄。在西南法国的多尔多涅是其中一个最典型的法语地区。
硅谷是如此漂亮，城镇是如此可爱的食物是那么好，这是很难相信人民的谁住在这里，去其他地方，为他们的假期。朗格有自己的语言和文化。
在南部的朗格多，您可以找到比利牛斯山脉，一位伟大的山脉分开，法国，西班牙，在那里您可以加滑雪。城镇图卢兹和蒙彼利埃是尼斯和中世纪小镇carcassone是一个热门的目的地。
France is the most visited country in the world. It has everything that you could ever want to see on your holidays: a great city like Paris, good beaches, more monuments than any other country, lovely nature, incredible mountain scenery; need I go on? France is also a very pleasant place to stay. It has good food, great wines and people enjoy their lives. And the best thing is, maybe apart from Paris, living in France does not have to be expensive. The North of France consists of the flatlands around the town of Lille and the Channel. The area will remind visitors in many ways of Belgium and the Netherlands. The Grand' Place in Lille for example is a lot like that of Brussels. Paris, the city of light and its surroundings are one of the most visited areas. Paris is without a doubt one of the most beautiful cities on the pla. West of France is turned towards the Atlantic Coast. In the north Normandy & Brittany have rolling hills, sandy beaches and quiet little harbour towns. Normandy & Brittany have a more rugged coast and many neolithic sites. It has quite a distinct atmosphere from the rest of the country; you can still sense the Celtic origin of the region and its inhabitants. The eastern part of France consists of the Alsace, Lorraine, Franche Comt?and Burgundy regions. The landscape has rolling hills and many beautiful cities, such as Metz, Stra *** ourg, Nancy and Dijon. This region produces many famous wines, including magnificent pinot noirs and chardonnays valued the world over, as well as the famous "Yellow wine" from the Jura mountain vineyard. The Center of France is in many ways the most quiet part of France. But the great treasure of this region is the Loire valley , with many great castles and beautiful towns. Chartres with its famous cathedral and Tours rate among the most beautiful French cities. The South with its lovely nature, good food, roman ruins and of course the Riviera draws a lot of visitors every year. Towns like Orange, and Arles but also big cities like Marseille and Toulon are must sees. The Provence is dotted with pleasant *** all villages. In the South west of France the Dordogne is one of the most quintessential French regions. The valley is so pretty, the towns are so cute and the food is so good, that it is hard to believe that the people who live here go somewhere else for their holidays. The Languedoc has its own language and culture. In the south of the Languedoc you find the Pyrenees, a great mountain range separating France from Spain, where you can hike and ski. The towns of Toulouse and Montpellier are nice and the medieval town of Carcassone is a top destination.。
6. 用英语写一段介绍法国的短文~France is a developed contry,and it is very beautiful.It is said that franch is very romance ,so I think it also is a romance contry.There are a lot of famous people e from France,such as Voltaire（伏尔泰）、Jean-Jacques Rousseau（卢梭）and so on.This contry has lots of tourist spots,many people e around the world to visit here every year. France is the world's fourth largest economic, trade, financial and technological power.Nevertheless, the French remain contemporary political, economic, cultural and technological power, the world remains a blue star.。
7. 关于法国的英语短文france's performance in the 2002 world cup brought back painful memories of a time when france was a weak contender in world and european football – a time when national or club teams rarely won, and the french were renowned for having little interest in the game. today, football plays a unique role in french society. french players and coaches are highly sought after abroad an尝尝佰妒脂德拌泉饱沪d the national team has chalked up significant recent victories, including a world cup and european championship. this book is the first in english to examine the extraordinary cultural, economic, and political history behind french football's development throughout the entieth century and up to the present day. it focuses on the past enty years and concludes with a discussion of the fallout from the world cup 2002. imported from britain by the middle classes in the late nieenth century, football entered french national consciousness beeen the wars. as with everywhere else in europe, the game helped to unite munities and fe new social identities. although the state has generously supported youth coaching, the evolution of the professional sport has been slow due to tight munity control, high taxes and lack of ine from paying spectators. in a bid to pete successfully in europe, the owners of france's big city clubs are seeking to mercialize the game, despite the resistance of central and local authorities. hare traces the gradual evolution of traditional french football values and explores the impact of new and controversial business practices. have french football's influential club chairmen sold out to business values and television? why has the national team been so successful when club teams have not? how are top clubs being re-branded to catch a national and international audience of consumers? what role does the modern supporter play, and what are the links beeen busines *** en, politics and the mercialization of the sport? what is peculiarly french about french football, and what does football tell us about france? a good investigation is worth making.。
8. 谁能帮我写一篇关于法国的英语作文Paris City, river port, capital of France. It is now located on both banks of the Seine River. The original settlement from which Paris evolved, Lutetia, was in existence by the late 3rd century BC on an island in the Seine. Lutetia was captured and fortified by the Romans in 52 BC. During the 1st century AD the city spread to the left bank of the Seine. By the early 4th century it was known as Paris. It withstood several Viking sieges (885–87) and became the capital of France in 987, when Hugh Capet, the count of Paris, became king. The city was improved during the reign of Philip II, who formally recognized the University of Paris с 1200. In the 14th–15th centuries its development was hindered by the Black Death and the Hundred Years' War. In the 17th–18th centuries it was improved and beautified. Leading events of the French Revolution took place in Paris (1789–99). Napoleon III missioned Gees-Eugène Haus *** ann to modernize the city's infrastructure and add several new bridges over the Seine. The city was the site of the Paris Peace Conference, which ended World War I. During World War II Paris was occupied by German troops. It is now the financial, mercial, transportation, artistic, and intellectual centre of France. The city's many attractions include the Eiffel Tower, Notre-Dame de Paris, the Louvre, the Panthéon, Pompidou Centre, and the Paris Opera, as well as boulevards, public parks, and gardens. 巴黎 Paris法国城市、河港和首都。
跨塞纳河两岸。鲁特提亚是最原始的居e69da5e887aa62616964757a686964616f31333332643266民点，位于塞纳河中一座岛屿，在公元前3世纪末就已存在。
公元前52年罗马人夺占此地，并构筑要塞。公元1世纪时，该城已发展到塞纳河左岸。
到了4世纪初，这里已被称作巴黎。885~887年抵挡住了几次维京人的围攻，987年巴黎伯爵于格·卡佩当上国王，巴黎成为法兰西的首都。
腓力二世位期间，巴黎得到大规模发展，国王在1200年左右正式批准巴黎大学成立。14~15世纪时，因为黑死病和百年战争巴黎的发展受阻。
17~18世纪城市有了进一步的改善并得到美化。1789~1799年法国大革命就是从这里开始的。
拿破仑三世时，他命令奥斯曼把整个城市结构现代化，并在塞纳河上搭建几座新桥。第一次世界大战结束后，这里是召开巴黎和会的地方。
第二次世界大战期间遭德军占领。现为法国的金融、商业、交通、艺术和学术中心。
城内的许多景点包括埃菲尔铁塔、巴黎圣母院、卢浮宫博物馆、先贤祠、篷皮杜中心、巴黎歌剧院，以及一些林阴大道、公园和花园。
9. 谁能帮我写一篇关于法国的英语作文Paris City, river port, capital of France. It is now located on both banks of the Seine River. The original settlement from which Paris evolved, Lutetia, was in existence by the late 3rd century BC on an island in the Seine. Lutetia was captured and fortified by the Romans in 52 BC. During the 1st century AD the city spread to the left bank of the Seine. By the early 4th century it was known as Paris. It withstood several Viking sieges (885–87) and became the capital of France in 987, when Hugh Capet, the count of Paris, became king. The city was improved during the reign of Philip II, who formally recognized the University of Paris с 1200. In the 14th–15th centuries its development was hindered by the Black Death and the Hundred Years' War. In the 17th–18th centuries it was improved and beautified. Leading events of the French Revolution took place in Paris (1789–99). Napoleon III missioned Gees-Eugène Haus *** ann to modernize the city's infrastructure and add several new bridges over the Seine. The city was the site of the Paris Peace Conference, which ended World War I. During World War II Paris was occupied by German troops. It is now the financial, mercial, transportation, artistic, and intellectual centre of France. The city's many attractions include the Eiffel Tower, Notre-Dame de Paris, the Louvre, the Panthéon, Pompidou Centre, and the Paris Opera, as well as boulevards, public parks, and gardens. 巴黎 Paris法国城市、河港和首都。跨塞纳河两岸。鲁特提亚是最原始的居民点，位于塞纳河中一座岛屿，在公元前3世纪末就已存在。公元前52年罗马人夺占此地，并构筑要塞。公元1世纪时，该城已发展到塞纳河左岸。到了4世纪初，这里已被称作巴黎。885~887年抵挡住了几次维京人的围攻，987年巴黎伯爵于格·卡佩当上国王，巴黎成为法兰西的首都。腓力二世位期间，巴黎得到大规模发展，国王在1200年左右正式批准巴黎大学成立。14~15世纪时，因为黑死病和百年战争巴黎的发展受阻。17~18世纪城市有了进一步的改善并得到美化。1789~1799年法国大革命就是从这里开始的。拿破仑三世时，他命令奥斯曼把整个城市结构现代化，并在塞纳河上搭建几座新桥。第一次世界大战结束后，这里是召开巴黎和会的地方。第二次世界大战期间遭德军占领。现为法国的金融、商业、交通、艺术和学术中心。城内的许多景点包括埃菲尔铁塔、巴黎圣母院、卢浮宫博物馆、先贤祠、篷皮杜中心、巴黎歌剧院，以及一些林阴大道、公园和花园。